Reseach on building models of community - based tourism (the case of Giang Mo Village, Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province

6. The layout of the thesis Besides the introduction, conclusion, addendums, references, the thesis includes three chapters as followings: Chapter 1: Theoretical basis and reality of community - based tourism Chapter 1 presents theoretical basics, concepts of community - based tourism, principles and conditions of community - based tourism. Concurrently, chapter 1 also provides some experience about community based tourism in Viet Nam and other countries. Chapter 2: Current situation of the community-based tourism development operations in Hoa Binh prefecture Chapter 2 presents the conditions for tourism development in Hoa Binh. The chapter also introduces community - based tourism model in Lac village, Maichau district. The conditions and reality of development tourism operation in Giang Mo village include: the conditions about natural resources, local residents, infrastructure and technical material, the policies and support. The researcher assesses advantages and disadvantages of community - based tourism model in Lac village. Thenceforth, the researcher orients of building community - based tourism in Giang Mo village. Chapter 3: Orientation of building models of community - based tourism in Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province Chapter 3 presents tourism development orients Hoa Binh province and Cao Phong district, puts forward solution development, determines model and gives some petitions in order to exploit the conditions to develop community based tourism in Cao Phong. 9 Chapter 1: THEORITIACL AND PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK OF COMMUNITY - BASED TOURISM 1.1. History and opinions of the formation of community - based tourism 1.1.1. History of the formation of community - based tourism Community is relationship between personal, which is decided by the similar in living conditions and activities of personal in there. It concludes the production activities, the similar in religious beliefs, social value system, living conditions and operational targets. Community - based tourism (CBT) was derived from tourism village operations in 1970s. Visitors went on walking around village, discovered customs and culture, daily life, festivals of local residents or certain travelers to participate in ecotourism activities. Normally, this tourism activity is hold in natural wild area or a diverse ecosystem but also remote and sparsely populated. When participating in this tourism type, the visitors are able to meet with difficulties about: traffic, living conditions, and information and support tourism conditions. The tourists need help from local people such as guidance, food, accommodate…etc. Therefore, they called it “the trip has the support of local people”. That is the premise for the concept of community tourism development and community - based tourism. After a period of time, governments and social organizations have recognized that the community – based tourism activities brought about many adverse effects for economy, cultural, politics and social in there. The factors to attractive tourists are the tourism services and the culture traditional of local people. Therefore, living standards gradually improve when the tourism activities developed. Relying on the tourism activities, local residents are more aware of preserving cultural identity and their habitats. If not visitors, living of local people only depend on exploring natural resources. Hence, natural resources 10 will become exhausted. However, the tourism activities are developed local residents has opportunities to heighten themselves awareness of preserve value of resources. The more tourism resources preserves, the more attractive visitors and the more increasing income. Like this, local people take part in the tourism activities will preserves resources while improving living standards. Community – based tourism was gradually established and generally expanded in many regions on the world. Community - based tourism began to develop in Africa, Australia, and America in 1980s and 1990s with the help of NGOs and IUCN. Community - based tourism began to develop straightly in Asia concluding ASEAN countries. The community – based tourism vocabulary has been widely used ASEAN countries in 5 months 1995 years since “Building a framework for developing community – based tourism” conference in Indonesia and Philippines. At the conference, many reports are given different opinions, concepts, modes, conditions and how to build as well as summaries experiences about organization model of community – based tourism. Then these conferences, both theoretical and practical about model community – based tourism were studied by the countries in region. The theories of community – based tourism were gradually formed. Through out many models, the concepts, aims, criterions and conditions for growth community – based tourism were provided. 1.1.2. Opinions of community - based tourism The researcher introduces different concepts of scientists around the world and conceptualizes community tourism in the scope of the thesis. Community – based tourism has been exited since 1970s. According to the way of deference approach so have many opinions about it. The opinions of experts in community – based tourism are: developing tourism relies on community is the form of promoting ethnic minority people 11 participate in discussion related issues, community also benefit from tourism activities. Thanks to community – based tourism, the living standard of ethnic minority people was raised. The Nicole Hausle and Wolffgang Strasdas (2000) researcher thought that: community – based tourism is the form tourism those residential locals come forward and organize and administer. The profit from tourism economy will retained local economics. Some of researcher has a high opinion of community – based tourism as well as ecotourism and sustainable tourism. The report of “The application community – based tourism of Butrin national park, South Albania” (2006), Ph.D. Klodianna Gorica (Tirana University, Albania) thought that: community – based tourism is the cleverer than sustainable tourism. Community – based tourism be able to effect on residential locals about: providing works, creating income, supporting cultural, preserving environment. The local people have an initiative power for activities tourism. Especially, community – based tourism is solution of destination management. The aim of community – based tourism is preserve resources nation and local cultural. Hence, the local people and visitors are enjoyed from tourism economy. “The business method in community – based tourism in developing countries” report of Robert M. Davison, Roger W. Harris and Douglas Rvogel (City University of Hong Kong) thought that: community - based tourism is solution for the development of community and the conservation of resources natural and humanity. Community – based tourism is close relationship with ecotourism. Community – based tourism not only contributes to conservation of resource but also raise the living standards of local people. Community – based tourism has been carried out in developing countries with activities 12 such as helpfulness of wildlife management, conservation of environment, development of human and culture local. Mountain Institute in The State of West Virginia (America) gave a community – based tourism concept: community – based tourism is tourism activities with the arm conservation tourism resources for the sustainable development. Community – based tourism encourage local people take in part of tourism activities with the common mechanism to create opportunities for the community. Community – based tourism is a process of the interaction between communities with visitors. The participation of both will bring economic benefit, preservation of community and environment local. From the opinions and concepts about community – based tourism on forgoing, the concept of community - based tourism within the scope of this thesis is understood as follows: Community - based tourism develops sustainable regional community in which the subject is directly involved in tourism activities. Regional community providing travel services while conserving the culture resources, natural resources and environment. Concurrently, regional community benefit materially and spiritually from tourism and conservation achievements that”. 1.2. Conditions and principles of community tourism development 1.2.1. Conditions of community - based tourism development To develop community - based tourism, it is necessary to ensure these conditions: tourism resources, material facilities, and support services for tourism, transport, participation of community and policy of local authorities, which influence the formation and development of community tourism. Among them, the tourism resources and participation of local community are extraordinarily important. 13 1.2.1.1. Tourism resources Tourism resources are the natural landscape, natural elements, historical – cultural vestiges and the work of humans’ create labor and other human values can be used to meet the needs of tourism, is fundamental factor to the formation of tourist area, destinations, tours and tourist urban. Tourism resources including natural tourism resources and human tourism resources are being exploited and unexploited. Natural tourism resources including geology, topography, geomorphology, climate, hydrology, ecosystems, and natural landscapes can be used for tourism purposes. Human tourism resources including a total value of material and spiritual of man were created during impact on natural and social, including myself over the course of history. Human tourism resources are divided into many groups such as: historical – cultural vestiges, festivals, the objects associated with ethnography (house, culture traditional…etc), manners and customs, clothes traditional…etc. Tourism resources are prerequisites for the formation and development of various types of tourism in general and community – based tourism in particular. Tourism resources are determining factor to create the value of the destination. Destinations the more rich in tourism resources, the more unique and attraction to tourists, promote tourism in the region. Tourism product is created by many factors, but we must first mention of tourism resources. To meet the demands of tourists, the tourism product must not monotonous, poor, unattractive. It must rich, diverse, distinctive and fresh. For community - based tourism, tourism resources as rich and unique conditions, the more powerful and sustainable development. 14